“HILBERT’S GRAND HOTEL: We now describe a paradox that shows that something impossible with finite sets may be possible with infinite sets. The famous mathematician David Hilbert invented the notion of the Grand Hotel, which has a countably infinite number of rooms, each occupied by a guest. When a new guest arrives at a hotel with a finite number of rooms, and all rooms are occupied, this guest cannot be accommodated without evicting a current guest. However, we can always accommodate a new guest at the Grand Hotel, even when all rooms are already occupied.” Discrete Mathematics and its Applications by Rosen.
If all the even-numbered rooms are closed, we can only use the odd-numbered rooms to accommodate all the customers.
We move the guest in room number n, for n>1, to room 2n+1, we can accommodate all guests in all odd-numbered rooms (1,3,5,7,…) leaving all even numbered rooms empty for maintenance.
Notice that if n is an odd number, n=2k+1 for some integer k.
Related exercises:
- 3. Determine whether each of these sets is countable or uncountable. For those that are countably infinite, exhibit a one-to-one correspondence between the set of positive integers and that set
- 4. Determine whether each of these sets is countable or uncountable. For those that are countably infinite, exhibit a one-to-one correspondence between the set of positive integers and that set.
- 7. Suppose that Hilbert’s Grand Hotel is fully occupied on the day the hotel expands to a second building which also contains a countably infinite number of rooms. Show that the current guests can be spread out to fill every room of the two buildings of the hotel
- 8. Show that a countably infinite number of guests arriving at Hilbert’s fully occupied Grand Hotel can be given rooms without evicting any current guest
- ∗9. Suppose that a countably infinite number of buses, each containing a countably infinite number of guests, arrive at Hilbert’s fully occupied Grand Hotel. Show that all the arriving guests can be accommodated without evicting any current guest